The ancient masters knew their job...

That's just the beginning for some of the facts gathered by British researchers n. James and H. Thorpe. In present-day Turkey in 1960 during excavations at Catal Guyuk were found beads of volcanic glass, obsidian. Archaeologist J.. Mellaart was surprised he wrote, ' How are they drilled holes in the beads of stone, including obsidian? . By the way, there have been found and obsidian mirrors, sand which is also very difficult to.

In 1956 in China during the excavations of burial of a military leader, who died in 297 BC, found about two dozen metal belt ornaments made ​​of aluminum, however, alloy of copper and manganese ( respectively about 10 and about 5%). The catch is that aluminum - refractory metal, is found only in 1826, and only appeared in 1889, this manufacturing.
Another example related to the use of metal. Only in 1932 a well-known physicists crystallographer William Bragg revealed the secret of China's ' magic ' mirrors made ​​of bronze, which a half thousand years. In addition to the usual reflection, they, with their light, projected on a wall pattern or character printed on the reverse side of. It turned out that the reflective side of the mirror is visible on the reverse side of the pattern was repeated in the elaborate form of tiny ' defects ' of the surface, invisible without a magnifying glass. The curvature of the mirror reflection patterns contributed to the increase. Note - for making such a miracle, it was necessary to have a magnifying glass.

It happens that the evidence of ancient inventions indirect, but very strong, the existence of more than a thousand years ago, magnifying glass - is a case. For example, in the X century Arabic coins found the inscription: ' The work of al- Hasan, son of Mohammed, the master who carved out a matrix for the coinage '. Read the text can only be four-fold increase, with a magnifying glass. It turns out that loops existed for thousands of years ago, and they were used to encrypt additional information.
Another source of ' indirect evidence ' - Monuments. In ancient Roman frescoes from the volcanic ash buried Pompeii eat the fruit, including pineapples, while areas found only in America. Consequently, the Roman sailor still get to America. There is also a lemon and an image, which in those days had not yet cultivated in Europe, but grew up in India. This fact, discovered in 1950 the Italian D. Casella, at one time published a professor in the. and. Gulyaev.

Another ' indirect evidence '. In the column erected in Rome by Emperor Trajan in 113 AD, is the image of Sarmatian horsemen in armor, with his war-horse, too, is protected by chain mail armor. But even the most hardened skeptics have questioned the authenticity of any Pompeian frescoes, or Trajan's Column.

In ancient India, according to the treatise ' Sushruta Samhita ', surgeons were able to sew up the wounds of the intestine. On both sides of the wound was placed large Bengali ants, Territory contracting jaws. Then the surgeons left only ant head, sewed the operated animals, insects, and only the head and then dissolves itself. Incidentally, this bonding wound ants, but only on the leg, is shown in the movie M. Gibson's ...
In China, in the XI century engineer, Lu Tao Long invented the wagon, not only to gauge the distance traveled, but the audible alarm. When the cart passed a Chinese mile, which is called ' a ', a special gear is not just doing a regular turnover, but also resulted in the movement of his hand a wooden figurines, strikes the drum. And one additional gear system led to the fact that the second figure of every ten passed the bell is struck.
Even the vending machine, it turns out, invented by the famous engineer Heron of Alexandria, Egypt, even in the I century AD. Palmer threw a coin into the slot, it fell on one end of the rocker arm hidden inside the machine, the other end of rocker arm valve opens, after which the pilgrim received their portion of water for ritual washing of hands before entering the temple. Meanwhile, the coin slipped, fell to the bottom of the machine, itself valve closed.

It happens that today we use the old invention for purposes other than originally. For example, sunglasses first appeared in China in the XII century in order to allow judges to conceal their relationship to a conviction at the time of its announcement. A parasol originally in ancient Mesopotamia, served to protect not the rain, and from the sun (the first such umbrellas are depicted on the memorial stele of the king of Akkad, Sargan, erected around 2400 BC. e. ). Yes, and bronze rings more than three thousand years ago in Egypt and Mesopotamia were not so much an ornament as money, a large wrap around his neck - a major unit, and strung on a small ring - a bargaining chip.

Why did many ancient inventions were forgotten? . We will not argue with that argument. But it played a role and slow the spread of information than the old society very different from modern. Usually, they write that well known even in ancient Rome, glass windows and water re- spread only through the centuries. One can argue, we are talking about expensive things. But not for nothing that an ordinary fork in the Byzantine Empire was customary even in the IV century AD, and in most European countries it has spread only in the ' gallant ' XVIII century, that is, 1400 years later.
another example of. Tea drinking began in China in the VIII century, in Russia it was first introduced embassy H. Spafarija in the XVII century, and came into vogue with the beginning of XIX century. But these items and products were not a closely guarded secret, such as ' Greek fire ', or technology of growing Chinese silkworm, and is not lost for a long time, like the lost secret of Damascus steel. On the contrary, the military innovations - from the stirrup and crossbow to pigeon -mail - were distributed far more quickly.

Author: C. Krivenkov.
Source: ' An interesting paper. Mysteries of civilization '№ 15 2010.



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